Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of opsonins in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Opsonins are complement proteins that coat pathogens, enhancing phagocyte adherence and facilitating phagocytosis.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a novel virus. Which of the following best explains why the adaptive immune response is slower during the first exposure compared to subsequent exposures?

Accepted Answer

The body must first produce memory cells, which are only present after the initial exposure.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Promotes the spread of infection to alert the immune system.

Question 4

A child receives a vaccine for measles. Which type of immunity is being established?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired active immunity

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of neutrophils through the walls of capillaries into the tissues.

Question 6

A patient is given an injection of antibodies after being bitten by a venomous snake. Which type of immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 7

Which of the following statements about interferons is correct?

Accepted Answer

Interferons are small proteins produced by virally infected cells that help protect surrounding healthy cells by inducing synthesis of antiviral proteins.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Release of inflammatory chemicals → vasodilation → increased capillary permeability → leukocyte mobilization

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during an infection?

Accepted Answer

Fever increases the metabolic rate of body cells, which may speed up tissue repair and inhibit the growth of some pathogens.

Question 10

A person with a genetic defect in MHC (major histocompatibility complex) proteins would most likely have problems with which aspect of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Recognition of self versus non-self antigens

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between complete antigens and haptens?

Accepted Answer

Complete antigens can stimulate an immune response on their own, while haptens require attachment to body proteins to become immunogenic.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of plasma cells in humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Secreting large quantities of antibodies specific to the encountered antigen

Question 13

A patient is found to have a deficiency in complement proteins. Which of the following would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

The ability to destroy foreign pathogens via the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in B lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Antigen binding selects a specific B cell for proliferation, resulting in a clone of cells with identical antigen specificity.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about antigen-presenting cells (APCs)?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes can all function as APCs by presenting antigen fragments to T cells.

Question 16

A person is exposed to the influenza virus for the first time. According to the study materials, which of the following best describes the expected antibody titer response?

Accepted Answer

The primary immune response will have a lag time of about 3–6 days, with antibody levels peaking around 10 days before declining.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is more effective than the primary response?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells generated during the primary response allow for faster and stronger antibody production upon re-exposure.

Question 18

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of acute inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Redness

Question 19

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through the placenta. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of chemotaxis in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis is the process by which white blood cells are attracted to the site of tissue damage by chemical signals.

Chapter 21: The Immune System – Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

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