Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic capillaries in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They collect interstitial fluid, including pathogens and waste, and allow it to enter the lymphatic system as lymph.

Question 2

A patient presents with severe swelling in one limb due to blockage of lymph drainage. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Lymphedema

Question 3

Which lymphatic organ is responsible for the removal of abnormal blood cells and the initiation of immune responses to antigens in circulating blood?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 4

Which of the following statements about innate (nonspecific) immunity is correct?

Accepted Answer

It provides a general defense against any type of invading agent and works the same way every time.

Question 5

Which class of MHC proteins is found on all nucleated cells and is responsible for presenting abnormal peptides to cytotoxic T cells?

Accepted Answer

Class I MHC proteins

Question 6

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through the placenta and breast milk. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the primary immune response to a bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils and NK cells begin killing bacteria, cytokines attract phagocytes, antigen presentation activates helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells, B cells activate and differentiate, and plasma cells increase antibody levels.

Question 8

Which immunoglobulin class is primarily responsible for resistance against many viruses and bacteria, and can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 9

A patient experiences a rapid, severe allergic reaction after exposure to an environmental allergen, resulting in swelling, hives, and difficulty breathing. Which type of hypersensitivity is this?

Accepted Answer

Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity

Question 10

Which of the following best explains the role of helper T cells in the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the responses of both T cells and B cells by secreting cytokines.

Question 11

Which process describes the movement of phagocytes through capillary walls to reach sites of infection?

Accepted Answer

Emigration

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the complement system in immunity?

Accepted Answer

Forming membrane attack complexes (MAC) to lyse pathogens, enhancing phagocytosis, and stimulating inflammation

Question 13

A person receives an injection of antibodies to treat a snake bite. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

A lymphocyte divides to produce a clone only after being activated by a specific antigen.

Question 15

Which cytokine is secreted by T cells and NK cells to stimulate macrophage activity?

Accepted Answer

Interferon gamma ($$\mathrm{IFN}\gamma)$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of adaptive immunity that allows the immune system to ignore 'self' antigens?

Accepted Answer

Tolerance

Question 17

A patient with chronic stress has increased glucocorticoid secretion. What is a likely effect on their immune system?

Accepted Answer

Depressed immune response and reduced resistance to disease

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of haptens in allergic reactions such as penicillin allergy?

Accepted Answer

Haptens must bind to a carrier molecule to become immunogenic, and antibodies may attack both the hapten and the carrier, leading to allergic reactions.

Question 19

Which immunoglobulin class is primarily found in glandular secretions and helps prevent pathogens from entering internal tissues?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 20

During a secondary immune response, which immunoglobulin shows a rapid and high increase in concentration, remaining elevated for an extended period?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Chapter 22: The Lymphatic System and Immunity – Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드