Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate gas exchange between the external environment and the blood

Question 2

During swallowing, which structure prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea?

Accepted Answer

The epiglottis

Question 3

Which law explains the relationship between the pressure and volume of gases in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Boyle's Law

Question 4

According to Boyle’s Law, what happens to the pressure inside the thoracic cavity when its volume increases during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Pressure decreases

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between airflow, pressure difference, and resistance in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a feature of the respiratory division of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Includes alveoli for gas exchange

Question 7

What is the primary function of the pleural membranes?

Accepted Answer

To reduce friction between the lungs and thoracic wall during breathing

Question 8

Which structural change occurs as airways progress from primary bronchi to terminal bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Decrease in cartilage and increase in smooth muscle

Question 9

Which cells produce lung surfactant, and what is its primary role?

Accepted Answer

Type II alveolar cells; reduce surface tension

Question 10

A patient with infant respiratory distress syndrome is most likely lacking which substance, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant; alveoli collapse due to increased surface tension

Question 11

Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each individual gas?

Accepted Answer

Dalton's Law

Question 12

How does the thickness of the respiratory membrane affect gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Increased thickness decreases the rate of gas exchange

Question 13

Which muscles are primarily responsible for increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity during quiet inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why oxygen enters the blood in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood

Question 15

What is the Haldane effect?

Accepted Answer

The increased ability of hemoglobin to carry carbon dioxide when oxygen levels are low

Question 16

Which condition is characterized by air entering the pleural cavity, causing lung collapse?

Accepted Answer

Pneumothorax

Question 17

A patient with obstructive lung disease would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty exhaling due to increased airway resistance

Question 18

Which reflex prevents over-inflation of the lungs during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Hering-Breuer reflex

Question 19

If the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is 100 mmHg and in the pulmonary capillaries is 40 mmHg, which direction will oxygen move?

Accepted Answer

From the alveoli into the capillaries

Question 20

Which of the following best describes Henry’s Law as it applies to respiration?

Accepted Answer

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure

Chapter 22 – The Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

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