Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main structural difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing dehydration. Which body fluid compartment is most directly affected by a loss of water from the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial fluid

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, allowing only certain molecules to pass through while blocking others.

Question 4

A scientist is studying a cell that contains lysosomes, mitochondria, and a nucleus. Based on these features, what type of cell is it?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between intracellular fluid (ICF), extracellular fluid (ECF), and total body water (TBW)?

Accepted Answer

$$TBW = ICF + ECF$$

Question 6

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

A mutation affects the production of collagen in connective tissue. Which component of the extracellular matrix is most likely to be directly impacted?

Accepted Answer

Protein fibers

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions between epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the passage of substances between adjacent cells.

Question 9

A tissue sample is found to have cells that are elongated, multinucleated, and capable of contraction. Which primary tissue type does this sample most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Muscle tissue

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and providing tracks for organelle movement?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 11

A neuron transmits an electrical signal from the brain to a muscle. Which primary tissue type is responsible for this function?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 13

A patient has a genetic disorder that affects the function of desmosomes. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Fragile skin that blisters easily

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the carbohydrate chains attached to the outer surface of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition and communication

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and mediates cell signaling.

Question 16

A researcher observes a cell with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It covers body surfaces and lines cavities, providing protection and selective permeability.

Question 18

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Predict what will happen to the cell and explain why, using the concept of osmosis.

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell, because water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly matches a major organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome: digestion of cellular waste

Question 20

A patient has a disease that disrupts the function of microfilaments. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Cell movement and shape changes

Chapter 3: Cell Structure, Membranes, and Tissues – Key Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology

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