Q: A mutation changes the DNA triplet $$\text{TAC} to$$ $$\text{TAG}. $$What effect will this have on the mRNA codon and the resulting amino acid?

The mRNA codon will be $$\text{AUC}$$, coding for isoleucine, but the change may result in a stop codon depending on the reading frame.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selective barrier, regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A scientist observes that two adjacent cells are able to rapidly exchange ions and small molecules. Which type of cell junction is most likely responsible for this communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 3

Which of the following best distinguishes active transport from passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP, while passive transport does not.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to shrink. Which of the following best describes the solution and the process occurring?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypertonic and water is leaving the cell by osmosis.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$according to van't Hoff's law?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

Question 6

The resting membrane potential of a neuron is primarily established by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

The active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell by the sodium-potassium pump.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the glycocalyx on the surface of animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It is involved in cell recognition and protection.

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

A cell is observed to have abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They digest and recycle cellular waste and foreign material.

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 12

Which of the following correctly matches a phase of mitosis with its main event?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles.

Question 13

Which of the following best defines a gene?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein.

Question 14

Which of the following correctly lists the two main phases of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription and translation

Question 15

A mutation changes the DNA triplet $$	ext{TAC} to$$ $$	ext{TAG}. $$What effect will this have on the mRNA codon and the resulting amino acid?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA codon will be $$	ext{AUC}$$, coding for isoleucine, but the change may result in a stop codon depending on the reading frame.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a codon and an anticodon?

Accepted Answer

A codon is a three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA, while an anticodon is a complementary three-nucleotide sequence on tRNA.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the function of peroxisomes. Which of the following cellular processes is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the composition of cytosol?

Accepted Answer

A gel-like solution containing water, ions, proteins, and nutrients.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an inclusion found in the cytoplasm of a cell?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen granules

Chapter 3: Cells – Structure, Function, and Processes

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