Question 1

According to cell theory, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The cell is the smallest structural and functional living unit.

Question 2

Which of the following best explains why muscle cells contain more mitochondria than skin cells?

Accepted Answer

Muscle cells require more energy for contraction, so they need more ATP produced by mitochondria.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Providing a rigid, inflexible barrier for the cell

Question 4

A red blood cell placed in a hypertonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Shrink as water leaves the cell by osmosis

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}$$ ATPase)?

Accepted Answer

It moves $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ out of the cell and $$\mathrm{K^+}$$ into the cell using energy from ATP.

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis and modification of proteins destined for the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of microtubules. Which of the following cellular processes is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 9

Which type of membrane junction would you expect to find between cells lining the digestive tract to prevent leakage of digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 10

A cell is observed to have an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following is a likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of steroid hormones

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why liver cells contain abundant peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They perform lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification.

Question 12

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier or channel proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 14

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by which process?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic instructions from the nucleus to the ribosome.

Question 16

A mutation prevents the formation of desmosomes in epithelial cells. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cells will be more susceptible to mechanical stress and may separate easily.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription in the nucleus, then translation in the cytoplasm

Question 19

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for resisting pulling forces on the cell and helping form desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 20

A sperm cell is the only human cell with which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Unit (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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