$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{out}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{in}}} \right)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A polar hydrophilic head and two nonpolar hydrophobic tails

Question 2

Which type of membrane protein is primarily responsible for cell recognition and immune response?

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell

Question 4

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{out}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{in}}} ight)$$

Question 5

Which process requires cellular energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 6

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions in which direction across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

3 Na$$^+$$ out, 2 K$$^+ in $$per ATP hydrolyzed

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating diffusion of gases

Question 8

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst due to water influx

Question 9

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Use of energy stored in ion gradients created by primary active transport to move other molecules

Question 10

Which type of membrane transport is illustrated by glucose moving into a cell via a sodium-glucose symporter?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport (symport)

Question 11

Which of the following is a key role of potassium (K$$^+) in $$generating the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

K$$^+$$ diffuses out of the cell, making the inside more negative

Question 12

Which equation best represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) in a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier or channel proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of vesicular transport?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 15

A toxin blocks voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cells. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials cannot be generated

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of antiporters in secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Transport one substance into the cell while transporting another out

Question 17

Which of the following is a major theme of the plasma membrane's function?

Accepted Answer

It selectively allows substances to enter or leave the cell

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Requires cellular energy (ATP)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the sodium-potassium pump is essential for nerve and muscle function?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the electrochemical gradients necessary for action potentials

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of cholesterol via LDL receptors

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Unit (Plasma Membrane Structure and Function)

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