Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the integumentary system in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It regulates body temperature, prevents water loss, and provides sensory information.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and has blisters. Which layer(s) of the skin are most likely affected, and what type of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis and part of the dermis; second-degree burn

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the layer of the epidermis with its function?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale: contains melanocytes that produce melanin

Question 4

A tattoo needle must penetrate which layer of the skin to ensure the pigment remains permanent?

Accepted Answer

Dermis

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are more prone to heat-related illnesses?

Accepted Answer

They have reduced blood supply and decreased sweat gland activity.

Question 6

A person with albinism has which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A congenital absence or reduction of melanin due to a lack of enzyme activity

Question 7

Which of the following accessory structures is a modification of the stratum corneum and provides protection for the tips of the fingers?

Accepted Answer

Nails

Question 8

Exposure to sunlight is necessary for the synthesis of which vitamin, and what is the pathway involved?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D; synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin, converted to calcitriol in the kidneys

Question 9

Which of the following statements about skin color is correct?

Accepted Answer

Skin color is influenced by the amount and type of melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin.

Question 10

A patient with a mole that is asymmetrical, has an irregular border, multiple colors, and a diameter greater than 6 mm should be evaluated for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of sebaceous (oil) glands?

Accepted Answer

They produce a lipid-rich secretion that conditions hair and inhibits bacterial growth.

Question 12

A patient with third-degree burns over 20% of their body is at greatest risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance leading to shock

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the phases of skin regeneration after injury?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation, migration, proliferation, scarring

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why a 'base tan' does NOT provide significant protection against sunburn?

Accepted Answer

A base tan is equivalent to a sunscreen with SPF 3-4, which is much less than recommended protection.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to cause hair to stand up, producing 'goose bumps'

Question 16

A patient with a chronic autoimmune disorder presents with patchy loss of skin pigmentation. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Vitiligo

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between thick and thin skin?

Accepted Answer

Thick skin contains a stratum lucidum and is found on the palms and soles.

Question 18

Which of the following is the most common type of skin cancer, and what is its typical origin?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma; cells of the stratum basale

Question 19

A patient is experiencing edema and poor wound healing in the skin. Which layer is most likely compromised, and why?

Accepted Answer

Dermis; it contains blood vessels and connective tissue necessary for healing

Question 20

Which of the following equations would you use to estimate the percentage of body surface area affected by burns in an adult, according to the 'rule of nines'?

Accepted Answer

$$Total\,BSA = 9\% 	imes (Head + Each\,Arm) + 18\% 	imes (Each\,Leg + Anterior\,Trunk + Posterior\,Trunk) + 1\% 	imes Genitalia$$

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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