Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They fuse adjacent cell membranes to create a barrier that prevents the passage of substances between cells.

Question 2

A patient is given a new medication that is unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. Which structural feature of the blood-brain barrier is most responsible for this selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells

Question 3

Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for rapid diffusion and filtration, and where is it commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium; lining air sacs of lungs and capillaries

Question 4

A gland that releases its product by exocytosis without losing any part of the cell is classified as which type of gland?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine gland

Question 5

Which connective tissue fiber type provides the greatest tensile strength and is most abundant in tendons and ligaments?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 6

A patient with Marfan syndrome has a deficiency in which protein, and what is a major clinical consequence?

Accepted Answer

Fibrillin; weak aorta and risk of aortic rupture

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals more slowly than bone after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a direct blood supply, while bone is highly vascularized.

Question 8

A tissue sample shows cells with multiple layers, with the outermost cells being flat and keratinized. Which tissue is this, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium; protection against abrasion and dehydration

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of connective tissue type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue; resists pulling forces in one direction

Question 10

A researcher is developing a drug delivery system using nanotechnology to cross the blood-brain barrier. Which property of nanoparticles is most critical for this application?

Accepted Answer

Particles must be smaller than 100 nm in at least one dimension.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow the passage of ions and electrical signals between adjacent cells.

Question 12

A tissue sample from the urinary bladder shows cells that change shape when stretched. Which type of epithelium is this, and what is its main advantage?

Accepted Answer

Transitional epithelium; allows stretching without tearing

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between force ($$F$$), cross-sectional area ($$A$$), and stress ($$\sigma) in $$connective tissue fibers?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \sigma 	imes A$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the blood; exocrine glands secrete products onto surfaces or into ducts.

Question 15

A patient with a genetic disorder has excessive collagen deposition in the liver, leading to impaired blood flow. Which condition does this most likely describe?

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why bone tissue heals more rapidly than cartilage after injury?

Accepted Answer

Bone tissue has a rich blood supply, allowing for faster delivery of nutrients and removal of waste.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of neuroglia in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Supporting and nourishing neurons

Question 18

A tissue sample contains cells with striations, multiple nuclei, and is under voluntary control. Which tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle tissue

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, mediates biochemical signaling, and regulates cell behavior.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with chondrodysplasia, a disorder affecting cartilage. Which of the following best describes the underlying problem?

Accepted Answer

Defective collagen chains result in asymmetric and overly wide cartilage, causing stunted growth and deformed joints.

Chapter 5: Tissues – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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