Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Production of digestive enzymes

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle spasms and tetany. Blood tests reveal hypocalcemia. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 3

Which type of cartilage is found in the external ear and epiglottis, and what is its distinguishing feature?

Accepted Answer

Elastic cartilage; contains elastic fibers

Question 4

During bone growth, which process increases the length of long bones, and where does it occur?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plate

Question 5

Which cell type is responsible for bone resorption and is formed by the fusion of multiple bone marrow stem cells?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 6

A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which factor most likely contributed to her condition?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen levels after menopause

Question 7

Which bone classification is best described as 'thin and curved' and provides protection for internal organs?

Accepted Answer

Flat bones

Question 8

Which process describes the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bone during fetal development, and which bones are formed this way?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification; long bones

Question 9

A weight lifter develops thickened bone at muscle attachment sites. Which law explains this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Wolff's Law

Question 10

Which hormone inhibits osteoblast activity and may play a role in bone density regulation?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 11

A patient with chronic kidney disease develops soft bones due to poor mineralization. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Osteomalacia

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between calcium and phosphate in bone mineralization?

Accepted Answer

$$Ca^{2+}$$ + $$PO_4$$^{3-} \rightarrow $$Ca_3$$($$PO_4)_2$

Question 13

Which bone cell type is mitotically active and responds to stress and fractures by dividing?

Accepted Answer

Osteogenic cells

Question 14

A child with vitamin D deficiency presents with bowed legs and bone pain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 15

Which structure in compact bone contains blood vessels and nerves and runs longitudinally through the osteon?

Accepted Answer

Central (Haversian) canal

Question 16

Which process increases the diameter of the diaphysis and medullary cavity during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth

Question 17

A patient has a fracture where the bone is crushed into many pieces due to compression. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Comminuted fracture

Question 18

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why bones of bedridden patients become featureless?

Accepted Answer

Lack of mechanical stress leads to reduced bone remodeling

Question 20

Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption from the small intestine, and what is the consequence of its deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D; rickets or osteomalacia

Chapter 6: Bone Tissue – Structure, Function, and Classification

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