Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between appositional and interstitial growth of cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Appositional growth increases cartilage thickness by adding new matrix on the surface, while interstitial growth increases cartilage length by expanding the cartilage from within.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

Accepted Answer

Production of hormones that regulate metabolism

Question 3

A sesamoid bone is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A bone that forms within a tendon, such as the patella

Question 4

Which of the following structures is found in the central canal of an osteon?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessels and nerve fibers

Question 5

Which type of bone cell is responsible for bone resorption, and what unique feature aids this function?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; ruffled border increases surface area for enzyme release

Question 6

Which law states that bones grow or remodel in response to the demands placed on them?

Accepted Answer

Wolff's Law

Question 7

During endochondral ossification, which type of bone initially forms from hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Long bones

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between red and yellow bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow is hematopoietic and produces blood cells, while yellow marrow stores fat and can convert to red marrow if needed.

Question 9

A 10-year-old boy and a 20-year-old man both have X-rays taken of their femurs. Which statement is correct regarding their epiphyseal plates?

Accepted Answer

The 10-year-old's epiphyseal plates are thicker than the 20-year-old's.

Question 10

Which hormone is released in response to high blood calcium levels, and what is its effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin; stimulates bone deposition by osteoblasts

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of bone?

Accepted Answer

Bone contains both organic components (such as collagen fibers) and inorganic components (such as hydroxyapatite crystals).

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → Fibrocartilaginous callus formation → Bony callus formation → Bone remodeling

Question 13

Which bone disorder is characterized by excessive and haphazard bone deposition and resorption, leading to structurally abnormal bone?

Accepted Answer

Paget’s Disease

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why fractures are more common in the elderly than in youth?

Accepted Answer

Bone mass decreases with age, making bones more brittle and susceptible to fractures.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the periosteum and endosteum?

Accepted Answer

The periosteum covers the external surface of bone, while the endosteum lines the internal bone surfaces.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone develops directly from fibrous membranes, forming most flat bones.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Bone matrix deposition

Question 18

A patient presents with bowed legs and delayed growth. Laboratory tests reveal low vitamin D levels. Which bone disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They allow communication and nutrient exchange between osteocytes.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between interstitial and circumferential lamellae in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial lamellae fill spaces between osteons, while circumferential lamellae encircle the entire bone beneath the periosteum.

Chapter 6: Bones and Skeletal Tissues – Study Guide

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