Q: Which formula best represents the calculation of the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the 'Rule of Nines'?

$$\text{Total Burn Area} = \text{Head} + 2 \times \text{Upper Limb} + 2 \times \text{Lower Limb} + \text{Trunk} + \text{Genitalia}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish tint to their skin, especially when exposed to cold. What is the most likely physiological explanation for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen binding to hemoglobin

Question 3

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for the continuous production of new keratinocytes?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 4

A third-degree burn destroys the epidermis and dermis and extends into the hypodermis. Which of the following complications is most likely to occur in such a patient?

Accepted Answer

Sepsis due to loss of protective barrier

Question 5

Which specialized cell in the epidermis is primarily responsible for immune defense against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic (Langerhans) cell

Question 6

The papillary layer of the dermis is most closely associated with which of the following features?

Accepted Answer

Creation of fingerprints

Question 7

Which of the following statements about thick skin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is found on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Question 8

A patient with albinism has a deficiency in which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

Melanin synthesis from tyrosine

Question 9

Which layer of the skin is NOT considered part of the cutaneous membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hypodermis

Question 10

If a surgical incision is made parallel to the lines of cleavage in the skin, what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Decreased healing time and minimal scarring

Question 11

Which formula best represents the calculation of the percentage of body surface area affected by burns using the 'Rule of Nines'?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total Burn Area} = 	ext{Head} + 2 	imes 	ext{Upper Limb} + 2 	imes 	ext{Lower Limb} + 	ext{Trunk} + 	ext{Genitalia}$$

Question 12

Which of the following changes is most likely to occur in the skin as a result of aging?

Accepted Answer

Thinning of the epidermis and decreased sebaceous gland secretion

Question 13

A patient with psoriasis has red patches covered with thick, silvery scales. What is the underlying cause of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Rapid division of epidermal cells in the stratum basale

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of insensible perspiration?

Accepted Answer

Water loss through evaporation from the stratum corneum

Question 15

Which cell type is responsible for producing the pigment that protects DNA from UV damage?

Accepted Answer

Melanocyte

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the blood supply to the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from capillaries in the dermis.

Question 17

A patient suffers a second-degree burn. Which layers of the skin are affected?

Accepted Answer

Epidermis and part of the dermis

Question 18

Which accessory structure of the skin is most likely to be affected in a patient with decreased perspiration due to aging?

Accepted Answer

Sweat gland

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between the time for a cell to migrate from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum ($$t$$), and the number of layers ($$n) $$traversed, given an average migration rate ($$r) in $$layers per day?

Accepted Answer

$$t = \frac{n}{r}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the hypodermis?

Accepted Answer

It is dominated by adipose tissue and allows for independent movement of the skin.

Chapter 6: The Integumentary System – Structure and Function

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