Question 1

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers and contains capillaries and nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 2

During muscle contraction, which molecule binds to the active sites on actin to form cross-bridges?

Accepted Answer

Myosin

Question 3

What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Storing and releasing calcium ions

Question 4

Which process provides the majority of ATP for resting muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic metabolism

Question 5

A sprinter experiences muscle fatigue quickly during a race. What is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Rapid buildup of lactic acid lowering tissue pH

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the transfer of energy from ATP to creatine in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$ATP + creatine \rightarrow ADP + creatine\ phosphate$$

Question 7

Which structure allows electrical impulses to travel deep into the muscle fiber, ensuring a unified contraction?

Accepted Answer

Transverse tubules (T tubules)

Question 8

What is the smallest functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber responsible for contraction?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Question 9

Which enzyme breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Question 10

Which type of muscle tissue is striated, branched, and contains intercalated discs for rapid communication?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 11

A patient has a cast removed after several weeks and notices muscle weakness. What is the physiological explanation?

Accepted Answer

Muscle atrophy from lack of regular stimulation

Question 12

Which band of the sarcomere contains only thick filaments when the muscle fiber is relaxed?

Accepted Answer

H band

Question 13

What is the role of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It covers active sites on actin, preventing myosin binding

Question 14

Which metabolic pathway yields only 2 ATP per glucose and can function without oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 15

Which muscle tissue type is found in the walls of most organs and is spindle-shaped with a single nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the origin and insertion of a muscle?

Accepted Answer

The origin is the stationary end, and the insertion moves during contraction

Question 18

During peak muscle activity, when oxygen is limited, what happens to pyruvate produced by glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactic acid

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of skeletal muscle that is critical for homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining body temperature through heat production

Question 20

Which of the following statements about muscle fatigue is correct?

Accepted Answer

It results from depletion of energy reserves or decline in pH due to lactic acid

Chapter 7: The Muscular System – Structure and Function of Muscle Tissue

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