Q: Which of the following formulas correctly calculates the percentage of body mass accounted for by the skeleton?

$$\text{Percentage} = \frac{\text{Mass of skeleton}}{\text{Total body mass}} \times 100$$

Q: Which formula would you use to determine the total number of phalanges in both hands, given that each finger (except the thumb) has three phalanges and the thumb has two?

$$\text{Total phalanges} = (8 \times 3) + (2 \times 2) = 24 + 4 = 28$$

Q: Which formula would you use to calculate the total number of bones in the adult vertebral column, given the following: cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (1), coccyx (1)?

$$\text{Total vertebrae} = 7 + 12 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 26$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the axial and appendicular skeletons?

Accepted Answer

The axial skeleton forms the longitudinal axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, while the appendicular skeleton consists of the limbs and girdles.

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, leading to breathing difficulties. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Scoliosis

Question 3

Which bone is the only bone in the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone?

Accepted Answer

Hyoid bone

Question 4

During CPR, why must hands be positioned on the midsternum and not the xiphoid process?

Accepted Answer

To prevent breaking off the xiphoid process and damaging underlying organs such as the liver or heart

Question 5

Which of the following formulas correctly calculates the percentage of body mass accounted for by the skeleton?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Percentage} = \frac{	ext{Mass of skeleton}}{	ext{Total body mass}} 	imes 100$$

Question 6

A patient suffers a herniated (prolapsed) disc. Which structure is most likely ruptured, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

The anulus fibrosus ruptures, allowing the nucleus pulposus to protrude and compress spinal nerves.

Question 7

Which cranial bone forms the forehead and contains the supraorbital margins?

Accepted Answer

Frontal bone

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the paranasal sinuses?

Accepted Answer

They lighten the skull, warm and humidify air, and enhance resonance of the voice.

Question 9

A woman is found to have a pelvis that is wider, lighter, and rounder than average. What is the most likely reason for these features?

Accepted Answer

Her pelvis is adapted for childbearing.

Question 10

Which vertebra is characterized by the presence of the dens and allows for rotation of the head to indicate 'no'?

Accepted Answer

Axis (C2)

Question 11

Which of the following bones is a sesamoid bone found in the quadriceps tendon and protects the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

Patella

Question 12

A patient presents with accentuated lumbar curvature, commonly seen in pregnant women. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Lordosis

Question 13

Which formula would you use to determine the total number of phalanges in both hands, given that each finger (except the thumb) has three phalanges and the thumb has two?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total phalanges} = (8 	imes 3) + (2 	imes 2) = 24 + 4 = 28$$

Question 14

Which bone forms the deep socket (acetabulum) that receives the head of the femur?

Accepted Answer

Coxal bone

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the intervertebral discs?

Accepted Answer

They act as shock absorbers, are composed of collagen and fibrocartilage, and allow for elasticity and compressibility.

Question 16

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the axial skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Femur

Question 17

A patient complains of tingling and numbness in the hand due to compression of the median nerve. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 18

Which of the following correctly matches the bone to its function?

Accepted Answer

Hyoid bone: provides a movable base for the tongue and site of attachment for muscles of swallowing and speech

Question 19

Which region of the vertebral column receives the most stress and has massive bodies to support weight?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar

Question 20

Which formula would you use to calculate the total number of bones in the adult vertebral column, given the following: cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum (1), coccyx (1)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Total vertebrae} = 7 + 12 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 26$$

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