Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system produces fast and brief responses that are specific in target, while the endocrine system produces slower, longer-lasting, and more general responses.

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the afferent division of their peripheral nervous system. Which function would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Receiving sensory information from the environment.

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for supporting neurons and regulating the environment around them, and is much more numerous than neurons?

Accepted Answer

Neuroglia

Question 4

Why are most CNS neurons unable to regenerate after injury?

Accepted Answer

They lack centrioles and cannot divide by mitosis.

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches the neuron type with its function?

Accepted Answer

Interneurons: connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS

Question 6

A patient is unable to move their skeletal muscles voluntarily. Which type of neuron is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor neurons

Question 7

Which glial cell type is found in the peripheral nervous system and is responsible for myelinating axons?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 8

What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron, and how is it measured?

Accepted Answer

-70 mV, measured as negative inside relative to outside

Question 9

Which principle states that every stimulus that brings the membrane to threshold will result in an identical action potential?

Accepted Answer

All-or-none principle

Question 10

During the generation of an action potential, what is the sequence of ion channel activity?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na\* channels open, depolarizing the membrane, then K\* channels open to repolarize

Question 11

Which type of action potential propagation is faster and occurs in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory propagation

Question 12

A patient is exposed to a toxin that blocks acetylcholine (ACh) release at synapses. Which division of the autonomic nervous system would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Preganglionic fibers of both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is released by most postganglionic sympathetic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 14

Which layer of the meninges is closest to the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Pia mater

Question 15

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there, and how are they grouped?

Accepted Answer

31 pairs: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal

Question 16

Which region of the brain is primarily responsible for conscious thought, sensations, and memory storage?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrum

Question 17

A patient presents with loss of sensation in a specific region of skin. Which anatomical concept helps localize the affected spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

Dermatome

Question 18

Which cranial nerve classification includes nerves that carry both sensory and motor information?

Accepted Answer

Mixed nerves

Question 19

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the 'rest-and-digest' division and is responsible for increasing digestive activity and decreasing heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Parasympathetic division

Question 20

A patient has damage to the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe. Which function is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sending motor information for voluntary movement

Chapter 8: The Nervous System – Structure and Function

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