Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom, Molecule, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

Question 2

A patient is injected with a radioactive isotope for a PET scan. Which property of radioactive isotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

They emit energy that can be detected by imaging equipment as they decay.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between atomic number and atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number is the number of protons; atomic mass is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Question 4

A neutral atom of sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$23 - 11 = 12$$ neutrons

Question 5

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why energy conversions in biological systems are never 100% efficient?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat, which is a partially unusable form of energy.

Question 7

A carbon atom has three naturally occurring isotopes: $$^{12}C$$, $$^{13}C$$, and $$^{14}C. $$Which isotope is radioactive and commonly used in radiometric dating?

Accepted Answer

$$^{14}C$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Bohr model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

Electrons occupy specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by transferring electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions.

Question 10

A patient is exposed to high levels of radiation from a radioactive isotope. Which of the following is a potential biological effect?

Accepted Answer

Damage to cellular structures and increased risk of mutations

Question 11

Which of the following subatomic particles determines the chemical identity of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 12

If an atom has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons, what is its atomic number and atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number: 8, Atomic mass: 16

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a form of energy discussed in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear energy

Question 14

Which element is most abundant in the human body according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the octet rule is important in chemistry?

Accepted Answer

It predicts how atoms will react to achieve a full outer electron shell.

Question 16

A molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl) forms when sodium donates an electron to chlorine. What type of bond is formed and what are the resulting charges on the ions?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond; Na becomes $$Na^+$$ and Cl becomes $$Cl^-$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the periodic table as presented in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Elements are arranged by increasing atomic number.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the relationship between protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons equals the number of electrons.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world application of low levels of radiation from radioactive isotopes in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Imaging organs and tissues using PET scans

Question 20

A sample contains 100 atoms of $$^{14}C. If $$the half-life of $$^{14}C is 5$$,730 years, how many atoms will remain after 11,460 years?

Accepted Answer

25 atoms

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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