Question 1

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 2

A carbon atom has an atomic number of 6 and an atomic mass of 14. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$14 - 6 = 8$$ neutrons

Question 3

Which of the following statements about covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms

Question 4

Water ($$H_2O) is $$considered a polar molecule because:

Accepted Answer

The electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the molecule

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride ($$NaCl) $$dissolves easily in water?

Accepted Answer

Water's partial charges attract the positive and negative ions in $$NaCl$$, breaking the ionic bonds

Question 6

A patient is given a radioactive isotope for imaging. Which property of isotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons, which can make some radioactive

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 8

If an atom has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons, what is its atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$11 + 12 = 23$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that makes it important for life?

Accepted Answer

It forms ionic bonds with most molecules

Question 11

A molecule of carbon dioxide ($$CO_2) is $$considered:

Accepted Answer

An inorganic molecule because it lacks C-H bonds

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the octet rule as it applies to atoms in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when their outermost energy level contains 8 electrons

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 14

A mixture differs from a compound in that:

Accepted Answer

A mixture can be separated by physical means, while a compound requires chemical means

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between atoms, molecules, and organelles in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Organelles are made of molecules, which are made of atoms

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between sodium and chloride in table salt ($$NaCl)$$

Question 17

A patient has a genetic mutation that causes their cells to be unable to form hydrogen bonds. Which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

The ability of water to dissolve salts in the body

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the law of conservation of mass as it applies to chemical reactions in the body?

Accepted Answer

The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products

Question 19

Which of the following is true about organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They always contain carbon and hydrogen covalently bonded

Question 20

A molecule of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) is classified as:

Accepted Answer

An organic molecule because it contains C-H bonds

Chemistry Foundations for Human Physiology: Atoms, Molecules, and Chemical Bonds

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