Question 1

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution will swell and potentially burst?

Accepted Answer

Water moves into the cell by osmosis due to a higher solute concentration inside the cell.

Question 2

A patient has a genetic defect causing nonfunctional sodium-potassium pumps in their cell membranes. Which of the following would most likely result from this defect?

Accepted Answer

Cells would be unable to maintain proper membrane potential, disrupting nerve and muscle function.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying drugs and synthesizing lipids in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

During translation, which ribosomal site holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

P-site

Question 5

A mutation in a proto-oncogene leads to its constant activation. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled cell division, increasing the risk of cancer

Question 6

Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for rapid diffusion and filtration, and where is it commonly found?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium; found in lung alveoli and capillaries

Question 7

A biopsy reveals tissue with abundant collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles and very few cells. Which tissue is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 9

A 35-year-old woman suffers a third-degree burn on her right arm. According to the Rule of Nines, what percentage of her total body surface area is affected?

Accepted Answer

$$9\%$$

Question 10

Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels fall below $$8.5\ \mathrm{mg/dL}$$, and what is its primary effect on bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals more slowly than bone after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and cells reach it more slowly.

Question 12

A patient with a pituitary tumor produces excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure. What is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

Appositional bone growth leading to acromegaly (bone thickening)

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → callus formation → spongy bone formation → remodeling

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the main function of the stratum corneum in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Provides a tough, water-resistant barrier against environmental damage

Question 15

A tissue sample shows cells with long, cylindrical, multinucleated fibers and obvious striations. Which tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why women are at higher risk for osteoporosis after menopause?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen levels decrease, reducing inhibition of osteoclast activity

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Processes, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 18

A patient presents with tissue necrosis due to inadequate blood supply in the lower limb. What is the clinical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Gangrene

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Anchors the epithelium to underlying connective tissue and regulates exchange of materials

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the formation of most long bones in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Comprehensive Study Guide: Cellular Biology, Tissues, Integumentary System, and Bone Tissue

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드