Question 1

Which organ system is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis of blood glucose levels after a meal, and what is the main mechanism it uses?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system, using insulin secretion to lower blood glucose.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions.

Question 3

A solution contains 0.5 mol of NaCl dissolved in 1 L of water. What is the molarity ($$M) of $$the solution?

$$M = \frac{	ext{moles of solute}}{	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Accepted Answer

$$M = 0.5\ 	ext{mol/L}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Transmission of electrical impulses

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the sodium-potassium pump and its importance in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, maintaining membrane potential.

Question 6

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it essential for life?

Accepted Answer

It has a high heat capacity, helping regulate body temperature.

Question 7

A patient is given a hypotonic intravenous solution. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of DNA compared to RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information; RNA is single-stranded and helps in protein synthesis.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following factors restricts selective permeability of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Size and charge of molecules attempting to cross.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and connecting other tissues

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic that differentiates connective tissue from other primary tissues?

Accepted Answer

It has abundant extracellular matrix and fewer cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the goblet cell?

Accepted Answer

Producing mucus to lubricate and protect epithelial surfaces

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A cell engulfs solid particles by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT one of the five signs of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Prevent leakage of substances between cells

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Contraction to produce movement

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Provide strong adhesion between cells to resist mechanical stress

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of the four major types of membranes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membranes protect body surfaces exposed to the external environment.

Comprehensive Study Guide: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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