Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of structural organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 2

Which statement best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, while physiology is the study of how those parts work.

Question 3

A neutral atom of sodium ($$Na) $$has an atomic number of 11 and an atomic mass of 23. How many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$23 - 11 = 12$$ neutrons

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the Bohr model replaced the plum pudding model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

The Bohr model explained the arrangement of electrons in discrete energy levels, which the plum pudding model could not.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of a monosaccharide and a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose (monosaccharide), starch (polysaccharide)

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons equally between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 3. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 8

Which process describes the breakdown of a polymer into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the R group in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

It determines the chemical properties and function of each amino acid.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about endergonic and exergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reactions absorb energy, while exergonic reactions release energy.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between transcription and translation?

Accepted Answer

Transcription synthesizes RNA from DNA, while translation synthesizes protein from RNA.

Question 12

A patient is given a solution containing $$NaCl in $$water. What type of mixture is this?

Accepted Answer

Solution

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 14

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of an ionic compound?

Accepted Answer

A substance formed from the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions

Question 16

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 17

If a DNA sequence is $$5'-ATGCGT-3'$$, what is the complementary RNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'-UACGCA-3'$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions

Question 19

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides with the release of water: $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Comprehensive Study Guide: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology, Chemistry, and Genetics

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