Question 1

Which muscle is primarily responsible for closing the eye, and what is its origin?

Accepted Answer

Orbicularis oculi; origin: frontal bone and maxilla

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty elevating the corners of their mouth and pulling them laterally. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Zygomaticus major

Question 3

Which muscle group is responsible for extending the trunk and laterally flexing it, and what are their origins?

Accepted Answer

Erector spinae group; origins: pelvis, ribs, vertebrae

Question 4

During forced expiration, which muscle depresses the ribs?

Accepted Answer

Internal intercostals

Question 5

A baseball pitcher injures the muscle responsible for externally rotating the shoulder. Which rotator cuff muscle is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Infraspinatus

Question 6

Which muscle flexes the elbow and also supinates the forearm?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 7

A patient is unable to abduct their shoulder. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 8

Which muscle is responsible for flexing the hip and is part of the iliopsoas group?

Accepted Answer

Iliacus

Question 9

A runner complains of pain during knee extension. Which muscle group is most likely involved, and what is their primary action?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris group; primary action: knee extension

Question 10

Which muscle is responsible for ankle dorsiflexion and inversion?

Accepted Answer

Tibialis anterior

Question 11

If a patient cannot flex their thumb, which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Flexor pollicis longus

Question 12

Which muscle is named for its triangular shape and is responsible for shoulder abduction?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 13

A patient presents with difficulty retracting their scapula. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Rhomboid major and minor

Question 14

Which muscle compresses the abdominal cavity and is oriented perpendicular to the midline?

Accepted Answer

Transverse abdominis

Question 15

A patient is unable to extend their knee but can flex their hip. Which muscle is most likely functioning normally?

Accepted Answer

Rectus femoris

Question 16

Which muscle is responsible for ankle plantarflexion and also flexes the knee?

Accepted Answer

Gastrocnemius

Question 17

Which muscle group stabilizes the glenohumeral joint and includes muscles that both internally and externally rotate the shoulder?

Accepted Answer

Rotator cuff (Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis)

Question 18

A patient has difficulty flexing their wrist. Which muscle is NOT involved in wrist flexion?

Accepted Answer

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Question 19

Which muscle is responsible for protracting the scapula and is commonly involved in 'winged scapula' when injured?

Accepted Answer

Serratus anterior

Question 20

A patient presents with inability to laterally rotate their hip. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Piriformis

Comprehensive Study Guide: Major Muscles of the Human Body – Names, Actions, and Attachments

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