Question 1

Which muscle is responsible for initiating abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint, and what is its primary innervation?

Accepted Answer

Supraspinatus; suprascapular nerve (C5,6)

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty retracting and elevating the scapula. Which muscle is most likely affected, and what is its primary nerve supply?

Accepted Answer

Rhomboideus major; dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Question 3

Which muscle group is responsible for lateral bending of the trunk and neck, and is innervated segmentally by dorsal primary rami of spinal nerves C1-L5?

Accepted Answer

Intertransversarii

Question 4

During forced expiration, which muscle compresses the thorax and is innervated by intercostal nerves 2-6?

Accepted Answer

Transversus thoracis

Question 5

A lesion of the long thoracic nerve results in 'winging' of the scapula. Which muscle is affected, and what is its primary action?

Accepted Answer

Serratus anterior; draws the scapula forward and rotates it superiorly

Question 6

Which muscle flexes the forearm, flexes the arm (long head), and supinates the forearm, and what is its innervation?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii; musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

Question 7

Which muscle is the most medial part of the erector spinae group and may be subdivided into thoracis, cervicis, and capitis portions?

Accepted Answer

Spinalis

Question 8

A runner sustains a stress fracture at the base of the 5th metatarsal. Which muscle's tendon attaches here and what is its primary action?

Accepted Answer

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis; everts and plantar flexes the foot

Question 9

Which muscle group is responsible for adducting digits 1, 2, 4, & 5 in the hand, and what is the mnemonic to remember their action?

Accepted Answer

Palmar interosseous; PAD (Palmar ADduct)

Question 10

Which muscle is responsible for flexing, abducting, and laterally rotating the thigh, as well as flexing the leg, and is innervated by the femoral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Sartorius

Question 11

A patient is unable to extend the wrist and abduct the hand. Which two muscles are most likely affected, and what is their common innervation?

Accepted Answer

Extensor carpi radialis longus and extensor carpi radialis brevis; radial nerve

Question 12

Which muscle forms the medial margin of the sole of the foot and is responsible for abducting the great toe?

Accepted Answer

Abductor hallucis

Question 13

Which muscle is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (XI) and is involved in both elevation and depression of the scapula depending on which part contracts?

Accepted Answer

Trapezius

Question 14

Which muscle flexes the thigh and, if the thigh is fixed, flexes the pelvis on the thigh, and is innervated by the femoral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Iliacus

Question 15

Which muscle is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot and is part of the thickest and strongest tendon in the body?

Accepted Answer

Gastrocnemius

Question 16

Which muscle group is composed of four muscles, extends the knee, and is innervated by the femoral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Quadriceps femoris

Question 17

Which muscle is responsible for flexing the trunk and is contained within the rectus sheath formed by the aponeuroses of external and internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles?

Accepted Answer

Rectus abdominis

Question 18

A patient presents with inability to abduct the corneal part of the eyeball. Which muscle and nerve are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Lateral rectus; abducens nerve (VI)

Question 19

Which muscle is responsible for elevating the hyoid bone and depressing the mandible, and is innervated by both the mylohyoid nerve (V) and the facial nerve (VII)?

Accepted Answer

Digastric

Comprehensive Study Guide: Muscles of the Human Body (Origin, Insertion, Action, Innervation, and Blood Supply)

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