Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcolemma in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the plasma membrane, regulating entry and exit of substances.

Question 2

A patient presents with muscle weakness. Upon examination, you find that the neuromuscular junction is not functioning properly. Which neurotransmitter is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 3

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 4

During a muscle contraction, which structure shortens as the actin and myosin filaments slide past each other?

Accepted Answer

The sarcomere

Question 5

A person is unable to flex their forearm at the elbow. Which muscle is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{P_{K^+}[K^+]_{out} + P_{Na^+}[Na^+]_{out} + P_{Cl^-}[Cl^-]_{in}}{P_{K^+}[K^+]_{in} + P_{Na^+}[Na^+]_{in} + P_{Cl^-}[Cl^-]_{out}} \right)$$

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Pumping blood

Question 8

A patient has damage to the axon hillock of a neuron. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Failure to initiate action potentials

Question 9

Which muscle is primarily responsible for abduction of the arm at the shoulder?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the perimysium?

Accepted Answer

It surrounds bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles).

Question 11

A patient is experiencing rapid, involuntary muscle contractions. Which type of muscle tissue is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives, acetylcholine released, acetylcholine binds to receptors, muscle fiber depolarizes

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cardiac muscle cells are able to contract in a coordinated fashion?

Accepted Answer

They contain intercalated discs that allow electrical coupling.

Question 14

A patient is unable to dorsiflex their foot. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Deep peroneal (fibular) nerve

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of a monosynaptic reflex?

Accepted Answer

It involves only a sensory neuron and a motor neuron.

Question 16

Which muscle is primarily responsible for extension of the forearm at the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Triceps brachii

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

It increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

Question 18

A patient has difficulty swallowing and speaking. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 19

Which equation best represents the force generated by a muscle according to the length-tension relationship?

Accepted Answer

$$F = F_{max} \cdot \left( 1 - \left| \frac{L - L_{opt}}{L_{opt}} \right| \right)$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a function shared by both the nervous and endocrine systems?

Accepted Answer

Coordination of homeostasis

Comprehensive Study Guide: Muscular and Nervous Systems in Anatomy & Physiology

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