Question 1

Which of the following is the primary site of B-cell development in adult humans?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow

Question 2

During fetal development, hematopoiesis first occurs in which location?

Accepted Answer

Yolk sac

Question 3

Which B-cell subtype is primarily responsible for immune surveillance in body cavities?

Accepted Answer

B-1 B cells

Question 4

What is the correct sequence of developmental stages for B cells in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Pro-B cell → Pre-B cell → Immature B cell → Mature B cell

Question 5

Which checkpoint in B-cell development tests for successful rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain?

Accepted Answer

Pro-B cell checkpoint

Question 6

A mutation prevents the expression of RAG1 and RAG2 in a developing B cell. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Failure to rearrange immunoglobulin genes, leading to developmental arrest

Question 7

Which process allows self-reactive immature B cells to alter their antigen specificity and avoid deletion?

Accepted Answer

Receptor editing

Question 8

In the spleen, transitional B cells undergo selection. What happens to T1 B cells with high affinity for self-antigen?

Accepted Answer

They are removed from the population by apoptosis

Question 9

Which cell-surface marker is associated with the interaction between hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and stromal cells in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

c-Kit

Question 10

Which cytokine is crucial for promoting B-cell development from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-7 (IL-7)

Question 11

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents BAFF-R expression on transitional B cells. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Transitional B cells will fail to receive survival signals and undergo apoptosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes allelic exclusion in B-cell development?

Accepted Answer

Only one functional immunoglobulin heavy chain allele is expressed in each B cell

Question 13

Which formula best represents the number of possible immunoglobulin light chain rearrangements if there are $$V$$ variable segments and $$J$$ joining segments at each locus?

Accepted Answer

$$V 	imes J$$

Question 14

If a developing B cell fails to produce a functional light chain after all four rearrangement attempts, what is the fate of the cell?

Accepted Answer

It undergoes clonal deletion (apoptosis)

Question 15

Which of the following statements about negative selection of B cells in the bone marrow is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is less stringent than negative selection of T cells

Question 16

Which B-cell subtype is found in the spleen and is specialized for rapid response to blood-borne pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Marginal-zone B cells

Question 17

A researcher isolates a B cell expressing high levels of IgM and low levels of IgD. Which subtype is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

B-1 B cell

Question 18

Which event marks the transition from a pro-B cell to a pre-B cell?

Accepted Answer

Successful rearrangement and expression of the immunoglobulin heavy chain

Question 19

After leaving the bone marrow, where do immature B cells undergo further positive and negative selection?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the fate of a mature, naive B cell upon encountering its specific antigen in a secondary lymphoid follicle?

Accepted Answer

It undergoes activation and proliferation

Development of B Lymphocytes: Structure, Stages, and Selection

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