Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva in the oral cavity?

Accepted Answer

Saliva neutralizes stomach acid before food enters the stomach.

Question 2

A patient who has had their stomach surgically removed is at risk for impaired absorption of which vitamin, and why?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12, because intrinsic factor is produced by parietal cells in the stomach.

Question 3

Which layer of the digestive tract is primarily responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Muscularis externa

Question 4

Which cranial nerve is responsible for monitoring receptors that detect the presence of marbles in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal)

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT produced by the gastric glands in the stomach of an adult?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 6

Which process is NOT involved in the secretion of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cells of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Direct secretion of $$\mathrm{HCO}_3^-$$ into the gastric lumen

Question 7

Which hormone is secreted when chyme, especially when it’s rich in lipids and partially digested proteins, enters the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 8

Fatty acids and lipids are absorbed into which structure found in each villus of the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Lacteal

Question 9

Which of the following enzymes is active at the lowest pH?

Accepted Answer

Pepsin

Question 10

Which macromolecules begin being digested in the oral cavity?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a step in the overall digestive process?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Question 12

Which mineral requires both calcitriol and parathyroid hormone (PTH) for its absorption by the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 13

Why is diarrhea potentially life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

It leads to rapid loss of water and electrolytes, resulting in dehydration.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 15

Which peptide hormone causes the secretion of insulin from the pancreatic islets?

Accepted Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Question 16

Which of the following molecules are directly absorbed into the intestinal mucosa without the need for further digestion?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides

Question 17

Which oral structure(s) is/are responsible for manipulating food to assist in chewing and in the preparation of a bolus?

Accepted Answer

Tongue

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT absorbed in the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids

Question 19

Which of the following does NOT digest proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 20

Which of the following is the term for swallowing?

Accepted Answer

Deglutition

Digestive System Study Guide: Anatomy & Physiology Step-by-Step Guidance

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