Question 1

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 2

During mitosis, which stage is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 3

A mutation changes a codon from $$	ext{UAC} to$$ $$	ext{UAA} in an $$mRNA sequence. What is the most likely consequence for the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

Premature termination of translation

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of carrier proteins in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the movement of specific molecules across the membrane by binding and changing shape.

Question 5

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will lose water and shrink.

Question 6

Which process is responsible for moving molecules from an area of low concentration to high concentration across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

During glycolysis, what is the net ATP yield per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 8

Which of the following is produced during the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 9

What is the main function of the sodium-potassium pump in cellular physiology?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the resting membrane potential by moving $$3 Na$^+$$ out and $$2 K$^+ in $$per ATP hydrolyzed

Question 10

Which statement best describes the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They carry electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

It uses mRNA as a template to synthesize proteins at the ribosome.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why lipids contain more stored energy than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Lipids have long chains of carbon-hydrogen bonds, which release more energy when broken.

Question 13

Which process describes the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 14

A patient is unable to produce sufficient ATP due to a defect in the electron transport chain. Which cellular process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that builds larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy input

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 17

During protein catabolism, which process removes the amino group from an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Deamination

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ATP from ADP and phosphate using the proton gradient.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules from high to low concentration using transport proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following is a product of the Krebs cycle per acetyl CoA molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$ NADH

DNA Replication, Cell Division, Protein Synthesis, Cell Transport, and Metabolism: Study Guide

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