Question 1

Which of the following best describes the antiparallel nature of DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 2

In the Griffith experiment, why did mice injected with a mixture of heat-killed S strain and live R strain bacteria die?

Accepted Answer

The R strain bacteria acquired genetic material from the dead S strain, transforming into virulent S strain.

Question 3

Which bonds hold the two DNA strands together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 4

If a DNA sample contains 30% thymine, what percentage of guanine does it contain according to Chargaff’s rules?

Accepted Answer

$$20\%$$

Question 5

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the 3' end?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 6

What was the main conclusion of the Hershey-Chase experiment?

Accepted Answer

DNA is the genetic material.

Question 7

Which technique did Rosalind Franklin use to help determine the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

X-ray crystallography

Question 8

What would the results of the Meselson-Stahl experiment have looked like after one generation if DNA replication was conservative?

Accepted Answer

Half the DNA would be heavy, and half would be light.

Question 9

Why do eukaryotic chromosomes have multiple origins of replication while prokaryotic chromosomes typically have only one?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic chromosomes are much larger and require multiple replication bubbles to replicate efficiently.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes an Okazaki fragment?

Accepted Answer

A short segment of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during replication.

Question 11

What is the primary function of telomeres?

Accepted Answer

To protect chromosome ends from degradation and prevent loss of genetic information.

Question 12

Which cells typically express telomerase?

Accepted Answer

Germ cells and many cancer cells

Question 13

A researcher uses enzymes to selectively destroy DNA, RNA, or protein in a sample. Which experiment does this describe, and what was its main finding?

Accepted Answer

Avery experiment; DNA is responsible for transformation.

Question 14

Which DNA repair mechanism involves removing and replacing a damaged section of DNA after replication is complete?

Accepted Answer

Excision repair

Question 15

If DNA polymerase lost its proofreading ability, what would be the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The rate of mutations during DNA replication would increase.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the Meselson-Stahl experiment is considered a pulse-chase experiment?

Accepted Answer

It involved labeling DNA with heavy nitrogen, then switching to light nitrogen to follow DNA replication over time.

Question 17

Which of the following is a selectable genetic marker?

Accepted Answer

A gene that confers antibiotic resistance

Question 18

During DNA replication, what would happen if ligase was nonfunctional?

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand would not be joined together.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

Question 20

Which of the following best explains the difference between the leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in short fragments.

DNA Structure, Experiments, and Replication – Guided Study for Anatomy & Physiology

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