Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

$$BMR = 10 \\times \\text{weight (kg)} + 6.25 \\times \\text{height (cm)} - 5 \\times \\text{age (years)} + 5$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between peptide/protein hormones and steroid hormones in terms of their mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Peptide/protein hormones typically activate second messenger systems via cell surface receptors, whereas steroid hormones diffuse through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors to alter gene transcription.

Question 2

A patient presents with abnormally high levels of ACTH. Which organ is most likely to be directly affected by this hormone?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal cortex

Question 3

Which hormone is classified as a peptide/protein hormone and is secreted by the anterior pituitary to stimulate the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the difference between endocrine and nervous system signaling?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine signaling uses hormones released into the bloodstream for widespread effects, while nervous system signaling uses neurotransmitters for rapid, localized effects.

Question 5

Which hormone is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and functions to lower blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 6

A patient with damage to the infundibulum would most likely experience disruption in communication between which two structures?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 7

Which of the following hormones is classified as a steroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback mechanism in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

A hormone inhibits the release of another hormone, maintaining homeostasis.

Question 10

Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland and is involved in calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 11

A patient is experiencing symptoms of hypothyroidism. Which hormone would you expect to be decreased in their blood?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 12

Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is involved in the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system?

Accepted Answer

It transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

Question 14

Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland and increases blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 15

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates ovulation in females?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 16

A patient with Addison's disease has decreased production of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and regulates circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 18

Which hormone is secreted by the heart and helps regulate blood pressure by promoting sodium excretion?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys and stimulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

$$BMR = 10 \times \text{weight (kg)} + 6.25 \times \text{height (cm)} - 5 \times \text{age (years)} + 5$$

Endocrine & Digestive Systems: Study Guide and Lecture Objectives

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