Question 1

Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 2

A patient with Addison’s disease has decreased production of mineralocorticoids. Which hormone is most affected?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 3

Steroid hormones differ from amino acid-based hormones in their mechanism of action. Which statement best describes this difference?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors and directly influence gene expression.

Question 4

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase calcium concentration?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 5

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate and blood pressure due to a sudden fright. Which hormones are primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Regulates blood pressure and fluid balance by increasing sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.

Question 7

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the thymus in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Site of T cell maturation and immunocompetence development.

Question 9

A patient with an autoimmune disease is producing antibodies against their own tissues. Which term best describes these antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Autoantibodies

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen to tissues

Question 11

Which cell type is primarily responsible for antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 12

A patient is given a drug that blocks the action of cyclic AMP ($$cAMP) in $$cells. Which hormone’s signaling would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of up-regulation in hormone receptors?

Accepted Answer

Increase in the number of receptors on target cells in response to low hormone levels.

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for filtering lymph and housing immune cells that respond to pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Lymph nodes

Question 15

A patient with hyperthyroidism has elevated levels of thyroid hormone. Which hormone from the anterior pituitary is likely to be decreased due to negative feedback?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 16

Which immune cell is responsible for directly killing virus-infected cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells (TC)

Question 17

Which hormone is released by the pancreas in response to high blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of the innate (nonspecific) defense system?

Accepted Answer

It responds rapidly to pathogens and does not require prior exposure.

Question 19

A patient is exposed to a pathogen and develops long-lasting immunity. Which process is responsible for this?

Accepted Answer

Activation of memory B and T cells

Question 20

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin (OT)

Endocrine and Lymphatic/Immune Systems: Key Concepts and Terminology

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