$$BMR = \frac{\text{Energy expended}}{\text{unit time}}$$

Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining basal metabolic rate (BMR) and resting body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone ($$T_4)$$

Question 2

During the absorptive state, which of the following is the main source of energy for most cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 3

Which process describes the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage in the liver and muscle?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 4

If a person’s energy intake ($$EI) is $$less than their energy expenditure ($$EE$$), what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Weight loss

Question 5

Which hormone increases in the postabsorptive state to promote the mobilization of energy stores?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 6

A patient with hypothyroidism is likely to experience which of the following symptoms due to decreased $$T_4$$ levels?

Accepted Answer

Decreased basal metabolic rate

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of insulin in muscle cells during the absorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Promotes glucose uptake via GLUT4 transporters

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the relationship for energy balance in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$EI = EE$$

Question 9

During prolonged fasting, which metabolic pathway is upregulated to provide glucose for the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct effect of growth hormone (GH) on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates protein synthesis

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Lipolysis

Question 12

A patient is exercising intensely. Which hormone is most likely to increase to help maintain plasma glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a component of total daily energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the postabsorptive state is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are increasingly used for energy

Question 15

Which hormone acts antagonistically to insulin to increase blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of thyroid hormone ($$T_3$$ and $$T_4) on $$mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Increases the number and size of mitochondria

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of increased activity of adrenergic receptors due to thyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

Increased sensitivity to norepinephrine and epinephrine

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in response to increased plasma glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucose enters cell → ATP increases → K+ channels close → Ca2+ influx → Insulin released

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

$$BMR = \frac{	ext{Energy expended}}{	ext{unit time}}$$

Question 20

Which hormone is secreted in response to low plasma glucose and acts to increase gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Endocrine Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

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