Question 1

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to release its hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 2

A patient presents with low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be elevated in response?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 3

Which pituitary hormone promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 4

What hormone does the C cell secrete in the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 5

Which hormone promotes growth by releasing hormones called somatomedins from the liver?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Question 6

What is the function of the adrenal cortex hormone aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

Regulates sodium and potassium balance in the body

Question 7

Which hormone is released in response to stress and is involved in the fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 8

What is the main function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 9

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and regulates sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 10

A patient with hypothyroidism is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Decreased metabolic rate

Question 11

Which hormone acts as a second messenger in bone cells to promote bone formation?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 12

What is the primary function of oxytocin during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates uterine contractions

Question 13

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete ACTH?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 14

What is the formula for calculating the concentration of a hormone in plasma if the total amount of hormone is $$H$$ and the plasma volume is $$V$$?

Accepted Answer

$$C = \frac{H}{V}$$

Question 15

Which cells in the pancreas produce insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Question 16

A patient with excessive thirst and dilute urine is likely to have a deficiency in which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 17

Which hormone is secreted by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 18

What is the main function of the hypothalamus in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

Controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland

Question 19

Which hormone is released by the pars intermedia during early childhood and is involved in skin pigmentation?

Accepted Answer

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 20

A patient with high blood sodium and low potassium is likely to have excess secretion of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Endocrine System: Hormones, Glands, and Functions – Study Guide

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