Q: Which of the following equations best represents the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-GH axis?

$$GH \rightarrow IGF \rightarrow \text{inhibits} \, GHRH$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of negative feedback in the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary-growth hormone (GH) axis?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits further release of growth hormone when plasma levels are sufficient.

Question 2

A patient has a tumor in the anterior pituitary that causes excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH). Which of the following would you expect to observe in their plasma?

Accepted Answer

High levels of GH and high levels of IGF

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Question 4

A child with a genetic deficiency in growth hormone receptors is likely to exhibit which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced linear bone growth

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) is administered to children with GH deficiency?

Accepted Answer

It increases IGF production, promoting bone and tissue growth.

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct effect of growth hormone (GH) on target tissues?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of IGF release from the liver

Question 7

A patient presents with low plasma GH and low IGF levels, but high GHRH levels. Where is the most likely site of pathology?

Accepted Answer

Anterior pituitary

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of cortisol in the body?

Accepted Answer

It mobilizes energy stores to increase plasma glucose and modulates long-term stress response.

Question 9

If a patient receives daily injections of recombinant hGH for two years, which of the following outcomes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Increased linear bone growth and increased lean muscle mass

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cortisol levels vary throughout the day?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol secretion is regulated by circadian rhythms.

Question 11

A tumor in the hypothalamus causes excessive secretion of GHRH. What would you expect to see in plasma concentrations of GH and IGF?

Accepted Answer

High GH, high IGF

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of growth hormone (GH)?

Accepted Answer

Directly increasing cortisol secretion

Question 13

Which of the following equations best represents the negative feedback regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-GH axis?

Accepted Answer

$$GH ightarrow IGF ightarrow 	ext{inhibits} \, GHRH$$

Question 14

A patient with Cushing's syndrome has chronically elevated cortisol. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Suppressed immune function

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)?

Accepted Answer

GH stimulates the liver to produce IGF, which mediates many of GH's growth-promoting effects.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormone release in the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary axis for growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Hypothalamus} ightarrow 	ext{GHRH} ightarrow 	ext{Anterior Pituitary} ightarrow 	ext{GH} ightarrow 	ext{Liver} ightarrow 	ext{IGF}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a primary function of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of cortisol to regulate metabolism and stress response

Question 18

A patient with a pituitary tumor that blocks GH secretion will most likely have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Low GH, low IGF, high GHRH

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why daily injections of recombinant hGH are required for children with GH deficiency?

Accepted Answer

GH has a short half-life and is rapidly filtered by the kidneys.

Question 20

Which of the following is a likely effect of growth hormone on metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Promotion of fat breakdown and glycogenolysis

Endocrine System: Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis, Growth Hormone, and Adrenal Gland

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