Question 1

Which type of hormone is most likely to have a short half-life in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Catecholamines (amine-derived hormones)

Question 2

A patient is experiencing symptoms of weight gain, high blood pressure, and increased risk of infection. Which endocrine disorder is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Cushing syndrome

Question 3

Which of the following hormones is released from the parent cell via exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide hormones and catecholamines

Question 4

Which gland is responsible for the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 5

What is the main function of cortisol in the body?

Accepted Answer

Reduces inflammation and helps regulate metabolism

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the negative feedback mechanism in the HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol inhibits further release of CRH and ACTH

Question 7

A patient with Addison disease is likely to have which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of cortisol and poor stress regulation

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a component of the HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 9

During the fed state, which hormone dominates to promote glucose uptake?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 10

Which of the following equations correctly represents the half-life ($$t_{1/2}) of a $$hormone if its activity decreases from $$A_0 to$$ $$A_0/2$ in time t$$_{1/2}$$?

Accepted Answer

$$t_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{k}$$

Question 11

A patient is given a GLP-1 receptor agonist. What is the expected effect on their blood sugar regulation?

Accepted Answer

Enhance insulin release and reduce blood sugar spikes after meals

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the transport of steroid hormones in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They are bound to carrier proteins

Question 13

Which hormone is synthesized on demand from precursors and acts by activating gene transcription?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormone

Question 14

If a patient’s pancreas cannot produce enough insulin due to autoimmune destruction, which type of diabetes do they have?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the main interface between the nervous and endocrine systems

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the stress response in the HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus releases CRH → Pituitary releases ACTH → Adrenal gland releases cortisol

Question 17

Which of the following hormones is classified as a peptide hormone?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 18

Which of the following statements about hormone activity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hormone activity refers to the duration of behavior triggered by hormone binding

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of ACTH in the HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the adrenal gland to release cortisol

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why catecholamines act quickly but have short-lived effects?

Accepted Answer

They are stored in secretory vesicles and released via exocytosis, but are rapidly degraded in plasma

Endocrine System Physiology: Hormones, Glands, and Stress Response (BIOL 3204 Revision for Midterm-2)

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