$$\Delta [\text{Glucose}] = -k \times [\text{Insulin}]$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between the nervous and endocrine systems in terms of the duration of their responses?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system produces slower, longer-lasting responses than the nervous system.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a principal endocrine gland of the body?

Accepted Answer

Sweat gland

Question 3

A hormone binds to a receptor on a target cell. Which of the following best defines a 'target cell'?

Accepted Answer

A cell that contains specific receptors for the hormone

Question 4

Steroid hormones differ from peptide hormones in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and bind to intracellular receptors.

Question 5

Which of the following equations correctly represents the negative feedback regulation of blood glucose by insulin?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta [	ext{Glucose}] = -k 	imes [	ext{Insulin}]$$

Question 6

A patient has a tumor in the anterior pituitary gland causing excess secretion of ACTH. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

It produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the anterior pituitary.

Question 8

Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 9

A patient presents with low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted in response?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of hormonal control involving the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary, and a target gland?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus releases TRH $$\rightarrow$$ Anterior pituitary releases TSH $$\rightarrow$$ Thyroid gland releases thyroid hormones

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones can affect gene expression directly?

Accepted Answer

They are lipid-soluble and bind to intracellular receptors that act as transcription factors.

Question 12

A patient is given a drug that blocks all hormone receptors on target cells. Which of the following is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Hormones will have no effect on target cells.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a tropic hormone?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messenger systems.

Question 15

A patient with damage to the posterior pituitary would most likely have difficulty regulating which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Water balance and urine concentration

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones?

Accepted Answer

Releasing hormones stimulate, while inhibiting hormones suppress, the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct function of the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 18

A patient is experiencing symptoms of hypothyroidism. Which of the following laboratory findings would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the effects of the endocrine system are generally more widespread than those of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Hormones are released into the bloodstream and can affect many tissues throughout the body.

Question 20

A patient with a parathyroid tumor is found to have hypercalcemia. Which of the following best explains this finding?

Accepted Answer

Excess parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption, raising blood calcium levels.

Endocrine System: Structure, Function, and Hormones

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