Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the 'energy currency' of the cell, providing immediate energy for cellular processes.

Question 2

A person stands on a diving platform and then dives into the water below. Which statement best describes the energy transformation during the dive?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of potential energy in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A concentration gradient across a plasma membrane.

Question 4

Which type of chemical reaction involves the breakdown of a large molecule into smaller structures?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition reaction

Question 5

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes decrease activation energy, increasing reaction rates.

Question 6

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of glucose oxidation in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ \rightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O$$

Question 7

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP molecules per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP

Question 8

Which process occurs in the cytosol and does NOT require oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 9

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is reduced to NADH, carrying electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 10

If oxygen is insufficient, what happens to pyruvate produced during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate is converted to lactate, regenerating NAD+.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Genes — transcription — mRNA — translation — protein

Question 12

Which enzyme is diagnostically important for detecting myocardial infarction (heart attack)?

Accepted Answer

Creatine kinase (CK)

Question 13

Which of the following best describes oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

ATP is produced using energy from electrons transferred through the electron transport chain.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a way cells regulate their metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the temperature of the cell

Question 15

Which of the following reactions is an example of a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

Transfer of electrons from NADH to the electron transport chain

Question 16

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 17

Which of the following is a form of mechanical work performed by cells?

Accepted Answer

Moving organelles and changing cell shape

Question 18

What is the main difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism involves energy-releasing breakdown; anabolism involves energy-utilizing synthesis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA decodes the mRNA codon and brings the corresponding amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

It uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons and generate ATP.

Energy and Cellular Metabolism: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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