Question 1

Which property of living organisms allows them to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 2

Plants and animals differ in how they obtain energy. Which statement best describes this difference?

Accepted Answer

Plants trap radiant energy from the sun and store it in chemical bonds

Question 3

Which type of work involves moving ions and molecules to create concentration gradients across membranes?

Accepted Answer

Transport work

Question 4

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The total amount of energy in the universe is constant

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between free energy change ($$\Delta G$$), enthalpy change ($$\Delta H$$), and entropy change ($$\Delta S) at $$temperature $$T$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = \Delta H - T\Delta S$$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that produces energy and has a negative $$\Delta G$$

Question 7

Enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions by:

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the activation energy

Question 8

Which of the following factors can affect enzyme activity in human cells?

Accepted Answer

pH and temperature

Question 9

A patient has elevated levels of a specific enzyme in their blood. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is tissue damage releasing the enzyme into the blood

Question 10

Which type of enzymatic reaction involves the transfer of electrons between molecules?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation-reduction reaction

Question 11

Which metabolic pathway produces the most ATP per molecule of glucose under aerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport system

Question 12

What is the main difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism is energy-releasing, anabolism is energy-utilizing

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme earlier in the pathway

Question 14

Which of the following reactions is catalyzed by kinases?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a phosphate group

Question 15

During glycolysis, glucose is converted into which molecule before entering the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in high-energy phosphate bonds

Question 17

Which of the following statements about reversible and irreversible reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Reversible reactions reach a state of equilibrium

Question 18

Which of the following is a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which water is produced as a product

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with unique shapes that fit specific substrates

Question 20

A patient is suffering from acidosis, lowering their blood pH below 7.4. What is the most likely effect on their enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity will decrease

Energy and Cellular Metabolism: Foundations of Human Physiology

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