Q: Which equation correctly represents the ATP yield from NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$the electron transport chain?

$$\text{ATP yield} = (\text{NADH} \times 2.5) + (\text{FADH}_2 \times 1.5)$$

Q: Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the respiratory exchange ratio (RER)?

$$\text{RER} = \frac{V_{CO_2$}}{V_{O_2$}}$$

Question 1

Which process is responsible for breaking down fatty acids into two-carbon units for energy production in the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation

Question 2

What is the net ATP yield from the complete oxidation of one molecule of palmitic acid ($$C_{16}H$$_{32}$$O_2) $$via beta-oxidation, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

$$106$$ ATP

Question 3

During prolonged exercise, which energy storage molecule is primarily mobilized by adipocytes?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides

Question 4

Which of the following statements best explains why fats yield more energy per gram than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats have more reduced carbon atoms, allowing for more ATP production during oxidation

Question 5

If a person has 15 kg of body fat, approximately how many kilocalories of energy does this represent? Use the value $$1 	ext{ kg fat} = 9,400 	ext{ kcal}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$140,000$$ kcal

Question 6

Which metabolic pathway requires a 'carbohydrate primer' to proceed efficiently?

Accepted Answer

Beta-oxidation of fatty acids

Question 7

What is the main function of adipocytes in energy metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Store and release fat during periods of food uptake and exercise

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a product of triglyceride breakdown by lipases?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 9

During starvation, which molecule is synthesized from fatty acids to provide energy for the brain?

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the ATP yield from NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ATP yield} = (	ext{NADH} 	imes 2.5) + (	ext{FADH}_2 	imes 1.5)$$

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of glycerol released from triglyceride breakdown?

Accepted Answer

It is used in gluconeogenesis to produce glucose

Question 12

Why does protein metabolism yield less metabolizable energy per gram compared to its calorimeter value?

Accepted Answer

Urea produced from amino acid breakdown cannot be further metabolized

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the oxidation of fatty acids for energy?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid → Beta-oxidation → Acetyl-CoA → Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain

Question 14

A patient with cancer cachexia is losing muscle mass rapidly. Which energy source is being catabolized under this condition?

Accepted Answer

Protein stores

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the 'fed state' is correct?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients are stored as glycogen, fat, or protein

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct caloric value per gram for fats, as measured by a calorimeter?

Accepted Answer

$$9.4$$ kcal/g

Question 17

Which enzyme is responsible for removing a phosphate group from a molecule?

Accepted Answer

Phosphatase

Question 18

During high-intensity exercise, which substrate provides the fastest rate of energy supply for muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the respiratory exchange ratio (RER)?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{RER} = \frac{V_{CO_2$}}{V_{O_2$}}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of adipocytes?

Accepted Answer

Produce ketone bodies directly

Energy Metabolism and Storage in Human Physiology

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