Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which plants obtain energy from sunlight?

Accepted Answer

Plants absorb solar energy using their leaves, converting it into chemical energy stored in glucose through photosynthesis.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of chemical work performed by cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins from amino acids.

Question 3

A ball is held at the top of a hill. Which type of energy does this represent, and what is the formula for gravitational potential energy?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy; $$E_p = mgh$$

Question 4

Which statement best explains the First Law of Thermodynamics in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Energy is transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy remains constant.

Question 5

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to release energy. Which type of chemical reaction does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition Reaction

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct chemical equation for the decomposition of glucose during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular work?

Accepted Answer

ATP acts as an energy currency, providing energy for chemical, transport, and mechanical work.

Question 8

Which factor does NOT directly affect the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Accepted Answer

Color of the reactants

Question 9

What is the difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy, while endergonic reactions require energy input.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of transport work in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Moving sodium ions across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient.

Question 11

Which statement best describes the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy transformations increase the disorder (entropy) of the universe.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of kinetic energy in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood flowing through your vessels.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the coupling of endergonic and exergonic reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy that is used to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 14

Which molecule acts as an energy carrier in cells, transferring energy from catabolic to anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 15

What is the main function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the activation energy in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

The initial input of energy required to start a chemical reaction.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a property shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 18

Which process in cellular respiration directly produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 19

If oxygen is not available to a cell, which process will be inhibited, and what is the consequence for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain will be inhibited, and ATP production will decrease.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the flow of energy from the sun to animals?

Accepted Answer

Sun $$\rightarrow$$ plants $$\rightarrow$$ animals

Energy, Work, and Chemical Reactions in Living Organisms: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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