Question 1

Which of the following best explains why maintaining proper blood pH is critical for life?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme function and protein structure are highly sensitive to pH changes, and deviations from the normal range can lead to death.

Question 2

A solution with pH 4 is how many times more acidic than a solution with pH 5?

Accepted Answer

$$10^1 = 10$ times

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acid

Question 4

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic Acid

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond is responsible for holding the two strands of DNA together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct general formula for a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 8

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 9

What determines the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of phospholipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Make up cell membranes and regulate what enters and exits the cell

Question 11

Which process requires ATP energy in human cells? Select the BEST answer.

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of an ion?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has gained or lost electrons

Question 13

Which of the following is a polysaccharide important for energy storage in humans?

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 14

Which statement about enzyme specificity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme specificity ensures that only certain substrates are converted to products, preventing unwanted chemical reactions.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order for the basic pathway of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 16

Which of the following best describes activation energy?

Accepted Answer

The initial energy required for our body to overcome to start a reaction

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of triglyceride fats in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Long-term energy storage and insulation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$

Foundation Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology: Matter, Macromolecules, Chemical Bonds, and Cellular Energy

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