Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of a receptor in a homeostatic feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

It detects changes in the internal or external environment.

Question 2

A cell placed in a 30% NaCl solution shrinks. What type of solution is this and why does the cell shrink?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; water leaves the cell due to higher solute concentration outside.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for cellular respiration and ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Childbirth (uterine contractions)

Question 5

What is the main difference between facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to transport molecules, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the plasma membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails facing each other and hydrophilic heads facing the inside and outside of the cell.

Question 7

A molecule is transported against its concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to high concentration. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

Which of the following statements about negative feedback is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback is self-terminating and returns the variable to the set point.

Question 9

If a red blood cell is placed in distilled water, what will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell because water enters the cell.

Question 10

Which organelle packages proteins and lipids made in the rough ER and transports them in vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires energy input from ATP?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 12

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Swell as water enters the cell.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent leakage of substances between cells.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water from low to high solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of cellular waste

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating equilibrium potential for an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \frac{[	ext{ion outside}]}{[	ext{ion inside}]}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the control center in a homeostatic feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

It processes information and determines the appropriate response.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about primary and secondary active transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy from the movement of another molecule.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about exchange of water in an isotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Water moves equally in and out of the cell, so there is no net change in cell size.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of translation in the cell?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of proteins from mRNA at the ribosome.

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Cells, Homeostasis, and Membrane Transport

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