Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between tissues and organs in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Organs are made up of tissues that work together to perform specific functions.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Platelets aggregating in blood clotting

Question 3

A patient is experiencing a drop in blood pH. Which homeostatic feedback mechanism is most likely to be activated?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback to restore pH to normal

Question 4

In a homeostatic feedback loop, what is the primary function of the effector?

Accepted Answer

To carry out the response that restores homeostasis

Question 5

Which directional term best completes the following sentence: 'The nose is __________ to the ears and __________ to the mouth.'

Accepted Answer

medial; superior

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins and lipids made in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and transporting them in vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer of phospholipids with proteins and cholesterol embedded

Question 8

Which type of cell junction allows for the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 9

Which transport mechanism requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 10

A red blood cell is placed in a 5% NaCl solution. What happens to the cell, and what type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

The cell shrinks; hypertonic solution

Question 11

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 12

A molecule is transported from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration using a membrane protein and ATP. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta G \u003e 0 $$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why a cell placed in distilled water swells?

Accepted Answer

Water moves into the cell by osmosis.

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport directly uses ATP, while secondary active transport uses the energy from an ion gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration and ATP production

Question 16

A cell is placed in a solution and shrinks. What type of solution is this, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; water moves out of the cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from low to high solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding negative feedback in homeostatic regulation?

Accepted Answer

It is self-terminating and returns the variable to normal range.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires a membrane protein, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 20

A scientist observes that a cell is actively engulfing bacteria. Which process is most likely occurring?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Cells, Homeostasis, and Membrane Transport

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