Q: Which equation correctly represents the conversion of ATP to ADP during an exergonic reaction?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy} $$

Q: A scientist measures the pH of a solution and finds it to be 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] of $$this solution?

$$ [H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{mol/L} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The release of insulin to lower blood glucose after a meal.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the conversion of ATP to ADP during an exergonic reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has an uneven distribution of electrons, resulting in partial positive and negative charges.

Question 5

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrink (crenate).

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – Amino acid

Question 8

A scientist measures the pH of a solution and finds it to be 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] of $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$ [H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ \ \mathrm{mol/L} $$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for export from the cell.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why high specific heat of water is important for biological organisms?

Accepted Answer

It allows organisms to maintain stable internal temperatures despite environmental fluctuations.

Question 12

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of proteins embedded in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Acting as receptors for signaling molecules.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs large particles or liquids by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane.

Question 16

A solution contains $$0.2$$ moles of NaCl dissolved in $$1$$ liter of water. What is the osmolarity of the solution? (NaCl dissociates completely into 2 particles: Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^-)$$

Accepted Answer

$$ 0.4 \ \mathrm{osmoles/L} $$

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They minimize changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions.

Question 19

A cell uses the sodium-potassium pump to move ions against their concentration gradients. Which type of transport is this, and what is the equation for the ATP hydrolysis that powers it?

Accepted Answer

Active transport; $$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H_2O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

The specific three-dimensional shape of a macromolecule determines its function.

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Homeostasis, Chemistry, Cells, and Membranes

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