Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

It is the process by which the body maintains a relatively stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a drop in body temperature below the normal set point. Which feedback mechanism will most likely be activated to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback, which will trigger responses to increase body temperature back to the set point.

Question 3

Which organ system is primarily responsible for producing blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal system

Question 4

A person is running and their muscles require more oxygen. Which organ system is most directly responsible for delivering oxygen to these muscles?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular system

Question 5

Which directional term describes a structure that is closer to the head than another structure?

Accepted Answer

Cephalad

Question 6

If a surgeon makes a cut that divides the body into right and left halves, which plane of section is being used?

Accepted Answer

Sagittal

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Labor contractions increasing in intensity and frequency until childbirth occurs.

Question 8

A patient has a buildup of fluid in the pericardial cavity. Which organ is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Heart

Question 9

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of a gradient in physiology?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen moving from an area of high concentration in the lungs to low concentration in the blood.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct order of structural organization from simplest to most complex?

Accepted Answer

Molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 11

Which organ system is primarily responsible for defending the body against pathogens and returning fluid from tissues back into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic system

Question 12

A patient is unable to coordinate muscle movement due to a disruption in cell-cell communication. Which type of cell signaling is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Electrical signals via nerve cells

Question 13

Which of the following best defines metabolism?

Accepted Answer

All the chemical reactions that occur in the body.

Question 14

A patient has damage to the dorsal side of the body. Which area is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Back

Question 15

Which serous membrane directly covers the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Visceral pleura

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of differentiation in human development?

Accepted Answer

Stem cells becoming specialized nerve cells.

Question 17

A patient is unable to maintain blood glucose levels after eating. Which component of the feedback loop is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Effector

Question 18

Which equation best represents the concept of a temperature gradient in the body?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta T = T_{high} - T_{low} $$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The form of a structure is always best suited to its function.

Question 20

A patient has a blood pH of 7.0, which is below the normal set point. Which feedback loop will be activated and what is the set point for blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback; set point is approximately 7.4

Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology: Organization, Language, and Core Principles

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