Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is formed by chemical bonding between two or more atoms of the same element, while a compound is formed when two or more atoms from different elements combine by chemical bonding.

Question 2

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 3

Water (H$$_2O) is an $$example of which type of covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 4

Which property of water allows it to cushion and protect body structures?

Accepted Answer

Relatively high density

Question 5

What is the general chemical notation for a catabolic (decomposition) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 6

Which statement about anabolic (synthesis) reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

They occur when simple subunits are united by chemical bonds to form more complex substances.

Question 7

The duet rule states that an atom is most stable when its valence shell holds how many electrons?

Accepted Answer

2 electrons

Question 8

Which of the following is a biologically significant example of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

NaCl (table salt)

Question 9

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions within the body?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to occur more efficiently.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water has a high heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonds, which require more energy to break.

Question 11

A protein’s function is most directly determined by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Its three-dimensional structure

Question 12

If a protein’s three-dimensional structure is altered, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Its function may be lost or changed.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for many of water’s unique properties.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a transition state in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

The state where reactants are at the peak energy required before forming products.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct representation of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 16

Which property of water is most important for regulating body temperature?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Provides structural support for bones

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the sugar-phosphate backbone in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support for the nucleic acid strand.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the formation of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons spend more time around the more electronegative atom.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of chemical energy in anabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic reactions are fueled by chemical energy and are endergonic.

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology (BIO 107, Chapter 2)

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