Question 1

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Question 2

A sodium atom (Na) has 11 protons and 11 electrons. When it forms an ionic bond with chlorine (Cl), what happens to the sodium atom?

Accepted Answer

It loses one electron and becomes a cation ($$\mathrm{Na}^+).$$

Question 3

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for supporting life?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity due to hydrogen bonding.

Question 4

Which subatomic particle determines the chemical properties and reactivity of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 5

A solution with a pH of 3 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6?

Accepted Answer

$$10^3 = 1000$ times

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, so it can surround and separate ions.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glucose to release energy.

Question 8

What is the main function of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom such as oxygen or nitrogen.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids release $$\mathrm{H}^+$$ ions in solution, while bases accept $$\mathrm{H}^+$$ ions.

Question 11

A buffer system in the human body helps to:

Accepted Answer

Maintain a stable pH by neutralizing excess acids or bases.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why nonpolar molecules do not dissolve well in water?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar molecules are hydrophobic and do not interact favorably with water's polar molecules.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the structure of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, while electrons orbit the nucleus.

Question 14

If a molecule of water ($$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}) is $$formed by the sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen, what type of bond is present between the atoms?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of dissociation in water?

Accepted Answer

Ions or polar compounds separate and are surrounded by water molecules.

Question 16

A patient is experiencing an electrolyte imbalance. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Disturbance of vital body functions due to improper conduction of electricity in solution.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water has a high surface tension?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules create cohesion at the surface.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of an anabolic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins from amino acids during muscle growth.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of sodium bicarbonate in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a buffer to help maintain pH balance.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about polar molecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have regions with partial positive and partial negative charges.

Fundamental Chemistry Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

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