Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They create a seal that prevents the passage of substances between adjacent cells.

Question 2

A biopsy of a patient's trachea reveals a lining composed of a single layer of tall, closely packed cells with nuclei at varying heights and cilia on the apical surface. Which type of epithelial tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the main function of microvilli on the apical surface of epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 4

A patient with a genetic defect in collagen synthesis is most likely to have abnormalities in which type of tissue?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of endocrine glands but NOT exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Release of hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 6

During tissue repair, which of the following events occurs first?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between regeneration and fibrosis during tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration restores original tissue function, while fibrosis replaces damaged tissue with scar tissue.

Question 8

A histological slide shows a tissue with abundant extracellular matrix, scattered fibroblasts, and a loose arrangement of collagen and elastic fibers. Which type of connective tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Areolar connective tissue

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They break down and resorb bone matrix.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with anemia due to a deficiency in erythrocytes. Which of the following best describes the primary function of erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the basement membrane in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

A noncellular layer that anchors epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the intercalated discs found in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow rapid transmission of electrical impulses between cardiac cells.

Question 13

A patient suffers a deep cut that damages both the epidermis and dermis. Which type of membrane is primarily involved in covering and protecting this area?

Accepted Answer

Cutaneous membrane

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between dense regular and dense irregular connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular CT has fibers arranged in parallel, providing strength in one direction; dense irregular CT has fibers arranged randomly, providing strength in multiple directions.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of goblet cells in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of mucus

Question 16

A patient is experiencing excessive swelling (edema) in the lower limbs. Which of the following best explains the physiological process leading to edema?

Accepted Answer

Increased capillary permeability allows fluid to leak into the interstitial space.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and mediates biochemical interactions between cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin (cutaneous membrane)?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between neurons and neuroglia in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Neurons transmit electrical impulses, while neuroglia support and protect neurons.

Question 20

Which of the following correctly lists the three primary germ layers formed during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Fundamental Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology: Tissues, Cells, and Membranes

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