Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are isotonic to their blood plasma. What is the expected effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will maintain their normal shape and volume.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Contraction

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following cell extensions increases surface area for absorption in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 7

Which type of connective tissue is the most abundant protein in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Collagen

Question 8

A burn patient presents with damage to both the epidermis and the dermis, but not underlying tissues. What category of burn is this?

Accepted Answer

Second degree

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to cause hair to stand upright, producing 'goosebumps'.

Question 10

Which membrane lines body cavities that do NOT open to the exterior and reduces friction between organs?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Secrete oil to lubricate and protect the skin.

Question 12

Which cell organelle is responsible for energy production through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 14

Which layer of the epidermis contains actively dividing cells responsible for skin regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 15

A patient with a deficiency in keratinocytes would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired skin barrier and increased risk of dehydration.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic shared by all connective tissues?

Accepted Answer

Cells embedded in an extracellular matrix.

Question 17

Which type of skin cancer is considered the most dangerous due to its high potential for metastasis?

Accepted Answer

Malignant melanoma

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of active transport?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using ATP.

Question 19

During wound healing, which stage involves the formation of new tissue and blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Proliferation

Question 20

Which formula correctly represents the calculation of surface area for a cube-shaped epithelial cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 6l^2$

Fundamental Concepts in Human Anatomy & Physiology: Cell Structure, Tissue Organization, and Integumentary System

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