Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information throughout the body using electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

Which neuroglial cell type is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

A patient suffers damage to the ventral root of a spinal nerve. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Motor output to skeletal muscles

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents Ohm's Law as applied to neuronal membrane potentials?

Accepted Answer

$$V = I 	imes R$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths around axons

Question 6

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses more rapidly than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier via saltatory conduction

Question 8

Which of the following statements about graded potentials is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decrease in magnitude as they spread from the site of stimulation

Question 9

If the resistance across a neuronal membrane increases while the voltage remains constant, what happens to the current according to Ohm's Law?

Accepted Answer

Current decreases

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of sodium-potassium pumps in generating the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

They actively transport Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell, maintaining concentration gradients

Question 11

A neuron receives simultaneous excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Which of the following best describes the outcome?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will integrate the inputs, and the net effect will determine if an action potential is generated

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of microglial cells?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes, monitoring neuron health and removing debris

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between tracts and nerves?

Accepted Answer

Tracts are bundles of neuron processes in the CNS, while nerves are bundles of neuron processes in the PNS

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the effect of opening voltage-gated sodium channels during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions flow into the neuron, causing depolarization

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They are vital for regeneration of damaged peripheral nerve fibers

Question 17

A neuron has its cell body located in the dorsal root ganglion. What type of neuron is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased membrane permeability to potassium ions on the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential becomes more negative (hyperpolarizes)

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential along a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next (saltatory conduction)

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly expresses the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \frac{V}{R}$$

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

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