Q: Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+ \text{ out}, 2 \mathrm{K}^+ \text{ in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information throughout the body via electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

A patient is given a drug that blocks neurotransmitter reuptake at synapses. What is the most likely immediate effect on synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged neurotransmitter action in the synaptic cleft

Question 3

Which neuroglial cell type is most responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

A 35-year-old patient suffers a spinal cord injury. His physician explains that certain nerve fibers can regenerate in the peripheral nervous system but not in the central nervous system. Which glial cell is vital for peripheral nerve fiber regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin acts as an electrical insulator, allowing action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier (saltatory conduction)

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+ 	ext{ out}, 2 \mathrm{K}^+ 	ext{ in}$$

Question 7

A pharmacologist is studying a drug that blocks GABA receptors. Since GABA typically has an inhibitory effect, what is the most likely result of blocking these receptors?

Accepted Answer

Increased likelihood of action potential generation

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decay over distance, while action potentials propagate without decrement

Question 9

A patient presents with symptoms of poisoning after exposure to an organophosphate pesticide, which inhibits acetylcholinesterase. What would be the expected effect at synapses using acetylcholine?

Accepted Answer

Prolonged neurotransmitter action

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Supporting neurons and regulating exchanges between capillaries and neurons

Question 11

Which type of neuron is most likely involved in carrying sensory information from the skin and joints to the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar (pseudounipolar) neurons

Question 12

A local anesthetic blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the BEST reason this prevents action potential propagation?

Accepted Answer

Blocking the depolarization phase of the action potential

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the absolute refractory period of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels are open and the neuron cannot respond to another stimulus

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of increased axon diameter on conduction velocity?

Accepted Answer

Decreases resistance and increases conduction velocity

Question 15

A neurologist explains to a patient that sound waves of different volumes produce proportionally larger electrical responses in the ear. Which property of graded potentials does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

Their amplitude is directly proportional to the strength of the stimulus

Question 16

Which type of neural circuit is most likely involved when a single sensory neuron activates multiple motor neurons to produce a coordinated response, such as the patellar reflex?

Accepted Answer

Diverging circuits

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between temporal and spatial summation at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation involves rapid, repeated firing by one presynaptic neuron; spatial summation involves simultaneous stimulation by multiple presynaptic neurons

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of chemical synapses but NOT electrical synapses?

Accepted Answer

Signal size can vary depending on neurotransmitter release

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

Accepted Answer

It hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, decreasing the likelihood of action potential generation

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue: Chapter 11 Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드