Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nucleus and a ganglion in nervous system terminology?

Accepted Answer

A nucleus is a collection of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, while a ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies in the PNS.

Question 2

A patient is exposed to a neurotoxin that uses retrograde axonal transport to reach the cell body. Which of the following best explains the direction of this transport?

Accepted Answer

From the axon terminal toward the cell body

Question 3

Which of the following equations correctly represents Ohm's Law as it applies to the flow of ions across a neuronal membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \frac{V}{R}$$

Question 4

During the resting membrane potential, which ion plays the most significant role in establishing the negative charge inside the neuron?

Accepted Answer

Potassium (K$$^{+})$$

Question 5

A neuron is exposed to a drug that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most likely effect on the neuron's ability to generate an action potential?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will be unable to depolarize and generate an action potential.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a neuron becomes more negative during the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

More potassium ions diffuse out of the cell than sodium ions diffuse in.

Question 7

A patient has a genetic mutation that causes the sodium-potassium pump to transport only two sodium ions out for every two potassium ions in. What would be the most likely effect on the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential would become less negative (closer to zero).

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding the propagation of an action potential in a myelinated axon compared to a nonmyelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials travel faster in myelinated axons due to saltatory conduction.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of chemically gated ion channels at a synapse?

Accepted Answer

They open in response to the binding of a neurotransmitter.

Question 10

A neuron receives multiple excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession at the same synapse. What is this process called, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation; it increases the likelihood of reaching threshold for an action potential.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why action potentials are unidirectional along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The absolute refractory period prevents the action potential from traveling backward.

Question 12

If the extracellular concentration of potassium ions (K$$^{+}) $$increases significantly, what is the most likely effect on the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential becomes less negative (depolarized).

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the generation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, resting state

Question 14

A neuron is exposed to a toxin that prevents the inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most likely effect on the action potential?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will remain depolarized and fail to repolarize properly.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump ($$Na^+/K^+$$ ATPase) in maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It pumps three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the concentration gradients.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease that damages myelin sheaths in the CNS. Which glial cell type is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 17

Which of the following statements about graded potentials is correct?

Accepted Answer

They decrease in magnitude with distance from the stimulus.

Question 18

A neuron is exposed to a chemical that increases the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions at rest. What is the most likely effect on the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential will become less negative (depolarized).

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a stronger stimulus results in a higher frequency of action potentials, but not a larger action potential?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials are all-or-none events; frequency encodes stimulus strength.

Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드